Trade networks is a concept and analytical approach examining the structure and dynamics of economic exchange relationships among actors such as individuals, firms, regions, or states. This research field investigates the actors, the links connecting them (e.g., routes, agreements), the flows of goods, services, capital, and information, and the emergent structural properties of these connections. Characterized by relational ties and heterogeneity, the study of trade networks is significant for understanding the patterns of economic interaction, the diffusion of innovations, the distribution of power, and the resilience or vulnerability of economic systems.